Niagara Falls, an iconic natural wonder located on the border of Canada and the United States, attracts millions of tourists every year. However, recent geological studies suggest that Niagara Falls could potentially disappear someday. Before panic sets in, it is important to note that the estimated timeline is well over twenty thousand years in the future.
Erosion, caused primarily by the large volumes of water rushing over the edge of the cliffs, has been gradually eating away at the rocks that form the falls for thousands of years. The underlying bedrock that supports the waterfalls is mainly composed of a softer shale capped with a layer of hard dolomite limestone.
As water relentlessly rushes over and through cracks in the dolomite, it reaches the softer shale, causing the layers to become undermined and collapse. This process, called top-down erosion, has caused the waterfalls to retreat several miles (about 7) since they were formed over 12,000 years ago.
Additionally, in the more distant past, the process of erosion was further hastened by glaciers that covered the area during the Ice Age. Today, man-made efforts to reduce the rate of erosion and preserve this natural wonder have largely halted the previously rapid retreat of the waterfalls.
Even though erosion continues, recent estimates suggest that the current rate is roughly one foot per decade, considerably slower than in the past. Considering this, the scientists believe it will take at least 20-25,000 more years for the falls to erode 13ish miles (20 kilometers) back to Lake Erie, at which point, the falls will cease to exist.
Niagara Falls might eventually disappear, but it won't be in our lifetimes; nor our children’s or even our grandchildren's grandchildren. For now, and for the foreseeable future, Niagara Falls remains a truly captivating testament to nature's beauty and power.